Wout an jeneral enpòtan pou ede anpil nan devlopman yon peyi. Yo fasilite kominikasyon, biznis, vwayaj, transpòtasyon, sikilasyon touris, e tout sa ki ka akselere aktivite ekonomik peyi sa a.	Roads in general are important to help a lot in a country's development. They facilitate communication, business, travel, transportation, tourism circulation, and all that can accelerate that country's economic activities.
Nan kad wout, nou ka di Ayiti se yon peyi vyèy si n ap konpare l ak Repiblik Dominikèn  (repiblik vwazin) ki gen bèl wout ki fasilite pwen enpòtan nou mansyone yo. Li enposib pou n ta pale de devlopman Ayiti, epi pou n ta kite enfrastrikti enpòtan sa a dèyè — youn ki esansyèl pou akselere aktivite ekonomik yon peyi.	Talking about roads, we can say that Haiti is an exploited country if we are comparing it to the Dominican Republic (the neighboring republic) that has beautiful roads facilitating the important points we mention. It would be impossible to talk about Haiti's development and to leave this important infrastructure behind — one that is essential to accelerate a country's economic activities.
Lè n ap gade Ayiti, youn nan gwo pwoblèm nou genyen ki kole peyi sa a, ki fè l pa devlope, se wout. — Sistèm wout ki pa devlope fason nou wè sa lòt kote. E nou kapab pran egzanp repiblik vwazin nan lè n gade modèl wout (kòman yo ye, e kòman sa ede trapde pou sòti nan yon zòn ale nan yon lòt, kòman sa kapab ede nan aktivite ekonomik, e kòman sa kapab ede tou pou bloke egzòd riral).	Looking at Haiti, one of the big problems we have that holds this country’s development, making it an underdeveloped one is roads. — The roads’ system has not been developed the way we see it elsewhere. And we can take example of the neighboring republic when looking at road models (how they are, and how that helps quickly to travel from one area to another, how this can help in economic activities, and how that can also help to block rural exodus).
Sètadi, moun ki soti nan komin natif yo pa bezwen kite l pou al dèyè lavi miyò nan Pòtoprens. Lè kapital sa a boure ak moun, yo oblije pati al lòt kote (pa egzanp nan repiblik vwazin nan, pran kanntè pou eseye ateri Bahamas, Miyami (Etazini), e lòt kote nan Dyaspora Ayisyen an.	That is, people from their native commune do not need to leave it in search of a better life in Port-au-Prince. When this capital city is overcrowded with people, they are obliged to go somewhere else (for example, the neighboring republic, taking kanntè or flimsy boat trying to reach out the Bahamas, Miami (U.S.) and elsewhere in the Haitian Diaspora.
Sèjousi se Chili anpil jèn Ayisyen ale, aprè Brezil. Nan kesyon wout la, li enpòtan pou n mansyone konstriksyon pon ki dwe fèt kote ki nesesè, e sou rivyè*. Rivyè sa yo dwe fouye dekwa pou pa gaye lè yo desann oubyen debòde lè yo gonfle.	Nowadays many young Haitians are going to Chile, after Brazil. In the issue related to road, it is important to mention the construction of bridges that must be done in necessary places and on rivers. These rivers that must be dug up so that they do not disperse or overflow when they swell.
Sa ka koze anpil dega. Pa egzanp y ale ak bèt, jaden, moun bare lòt bò dlo (akoz pon ki pa genyen pou travèse), elèv pa ka al lekòl... Donk tout aktivite ekonomik bloke. Men yon fwa ta gen gran wout (otowout) oubyen haywe ki konekte tout depatman (jewografik) yo pa egzanp, wout atravè komin yo ki konekte seksyon kominal yo, oubyen seksyon riral, konsa aktivite ekonomik kab fèt trapde lè jou mache nan diferan komin.	This can cause a lot of damage. For example they carry away animals, fields, people can’t cross over from one side to the other (due to inexistence of bridges), students can't go to school... So all economic activities are blocked. But once there would be highways connecting all geographical divisions for example, roads across the commune connecting communal or rural sections so economic activities would be done quickly during (open) market days in different communes.
Li enpòtan pou n mansyone jou mache (kòm aktivite ekonomik enpòtan), yon komin kapab al nan mache ka yon lòt (selon jou mache chak komin), nan seksyon riral, oubyen yon komin ki touprè, yon komin vwazin (avwazinant), kote kapab gen aktivite ekonomik, e aktivite touristik o nivo nasyonal an menm tan tou. Sètadi, Ayisyen k ap soti nan yon komin al fè touris nan lòt, e tou o nivo touristik entènasyonal, k ap antre soti lòt peyi vin vizite Ayiti.	It is important to mention (open) market days (as important economic activities) a commune can go to market at another one (depending on each commune's market day), in a rural town or at a neighboring commune where there may be economic and touristic activities at the national level at the same time also. That is, Haitians may be coming from a commune and travel to another as tourists and also at the international touristic level, coming from other countries to visit Haiti.
Donk san wout, nou pa ka fè sa. San wout, Ayiti p ap ka reyèlman rive atenn yon nivo devlopman. Nan tout bagay, gen estrateji. Konsa, nou kapab konseye lidè ki alatèt yo k ap pran desizyon, estrateji pou fè wout yo. Ki kèk nan estrateji sa yo?	So without roads, we can't do that. Without roads, Haiti will not be able really to reach out a level of development. In everything, there are strategies. Thus, we can advise leaders who are decision-makers, strategies to make roads. What are some of these strategies?
Ebyen nou kapab site kote ki trè danjre yo pou ta gen yon lis kisa pou yo fè. Pa egzanp, pou elaji yo, kote ki gen falèz (pou elaji yo dekwa pou veyikil pa fè aksidan, epi yo ka sikile nòmalman. Gen kote ki gen twou kote yo ka plante pyebwa ladan yo, e bwa sa yo kapab itilize pou fè planch (pi devan). Pami bwa sa yo, nou ka mansyone kajou (swietenia mahogony), gayak (guaiacum officinale) pou fè planch, mèb, e lòt pyebwa tou yo kapab pran an konsiderasyon ki kapab itilize pou fè planch.	Well, we can point some very dangerous places to include a whole list of what to do. For example, widening them, where there are cliffs (to widen them so that vehicles do not make accident, and they can circulate normally. There are places with holes where there trees may be planted in them and these trees can be used as lumber (later). Among these trees, we can mention kajou (swietenia mahogany), gayak (guaiacum officinale) to make board, furniture, and other trees also that can be taken into consideration to be used as lumber.
Non sèlman li enpòtan pou elaji kote sa yo, men yon fwa twou sa yo bouche, machin p ap patinen; yo p ap chavire. Aprè sa, nou ka pale de falèz, wout ki apik pa egzanp. Tout moun tande pale de Mòn Kabrit. Gen lòt kote tou ki trè apik Ayiti ki bezwen aplani (pou vin pi plat) e pou elaji tou.	Not only it’s important to widen these places, but once these holes are blocked, vehicles won't skid; they won't overturn. After that, we can talk about cliffs, steep roads, for example. Everyone has heard of the mountain Mòn Kabrit. There are also other very steep places in Haiti that need to be flattened (or leveled) and to be widened as well.
Gen kote ki gen ravin pa egzanp, ki koze dega lè lapli tonbe. Ravin sa yo ka ale ak tè, e bèt moun. Yo kapab fouye e betonnen ravin sa yo pou ba yo direksyon pou y al tonbe dirèkteman nan baraj pou ede ak irigasyon. Tout sa kapab sèvi kòm fason pou ede kannale dlo. Sa ka ede kreye lak atifisyèl tou pou fè  pisikilti, ki ka kreye aktivite ekonomik pou lapèch kote moun yo kapab viv de sa tou atravè yon baraj pa egzanp.	There are places that have ravines for example, causing damages when it rains. These ravines can go with the soil, and hers (animals) belonging to people also. They should dig and pave these ravines, giving them directions to fall directly into dams to help with irrigation. All of this can serve as a way to help with water way. This can help create artificial lakes also  for fish farming (or pisciculture) which can create economic activities for fishing where people can live on that also through a dam for instance.
Nou pran Mòn* Piliboro pa egzanp, se yon wout trè danjre pou moun ki pral nan nò (ki sot nan sant oubyen Pòtoprens ki pral Okap). Donk, li ta sipoze elaji. Non sèlman li apik, men tou li gen falèz lè de bò.	We take Piliboro Mountain, for example, it's a very dangerous road for people going north (from center or Port-au-Prince going to Cape Haitian). So, it is supposed to be widened. Not only is it steep, but also has cliffs on both sides.
Nou gen wout Jakmèl la ki fèt an zigzag pa egzanp ki trè danjre. Okontrè, te gen siy ladan epòk diktati Jean-Claude Duvalier ki make: «La route vous tue, la route vous blesse, la route est dangereuse. Conduisez avec prudence!» (Wout la ap touye w, wout la ap blese w, wout la danjre. Kondi ak pridans!). Pou kisa kounyeya wout sa a pa kapab elaji olye pou vin avèk siy sa yo, lè n konnen travay ki pou fèt yo pa fèt pou evite?	We have the Jacmel road in zigzag for example which is very dangerous. As a matter of fact, there were signs during the time of the dictatorship jean-Claude Duvalier written: "The road will kill you, the road will hurt you, the road is dangerous. Drive carefully!”). Why now this road cannot be widened instead of coming up with these signs, knowing that there are works that should have been done in a sense to avoid accident?
Gen kote tou, lè w rive nan yon koub, ou pa wè machin k ap vin sou ou a, oubyen anfas ou. Donk enjenyè, moun k ap trase wout yo tankou apantè, tout moun k ap travay yo ta sipoze byen mezire wout la a distans avèk lonnvi pa egzanp pou make l (menm jan sa fèt Etazini), kote gen moun ki kenbe jalon, lòt moun k ap make wout la pou wè kote yo ye a (si yo wè nòmalman), yon fason pou elaji l.	There are places too, when you get to a curve, you don't see the car coming over, or facing you. So engineers, people who are drawing the roads like surveyors, all the working people are supposed to carefully measure the roads from a distance with binoculars for example to mark them (as it is done in the United States), where some hold the surveyor’s pope, others mark the road to see where they are (if see clearly),  a way to widen it.
Lè w rive nan yon koub, se pa lè sa a pou gen sipriz, epi pou yon machin vin fas a fas avèk ou pou fè kolizyon tèt a tèt epi tout moun mouri. Nou gen tout pwoblèm sa yo Ayiti, an tèm estrateji woutye (woutyè). Li enpòtan kòman wout yo dwe fèt. Kote ki trè danjre ki dwe repare ou amelyore yo. Kote etwat yo dwe elaji. Kote ki gen falèz dwe bare, oubyen elaji.	When reaching a curve, it's not the time to be surprised, and then a car comes face to face with yours and collide head on head and then everyone dies. We have all these problems in Haiti, in terms of road’s strategy. It’s important how roads should be made. Places that are very dangerous should be repaired or improved. Places where there are cliffs should be blocked or widened.
Tout bagay sa yo dwe fèt. Wout ki aplani (nan zòn apla), ki pa koze pwoblèm kapab fèt annaprè. Lòt bagay ankò ki esansyèl se asfal. Lefèt ke asfal la koute lajan, yon fwa wout la elaji ase (pa egzanp, espesyalman nan pwovens) ebyen asfal la ka ale o milye. Sètadi, lè gen lajan disponib (si pa t gen sifizamman), tanzantan asfal la gen dwa touche de bò wout la, pase pa gen twòp trafik an pwovens.	All these things should be done. Roads that are leveled (in flat areas) which don't cause problem can be done later. Another thing that is essential is asphalt. The fact that asphalt cost money, once the road is widened enough (for example, especially in countryside) well the asphalt can go in the middle. That is, when there is money available (if there wasn’t enough), from time to time the pavement can touch the two sides of the road because there is not much traffic in the countryside.
Donk yon fwa asfal la ale o milye wout la, lòt veyikil k ap vin an fas la pa egzanp kapab toujou kouri sou kote. Veyikil sa a p ap gen pwoblèm lè l kapab wè lòt anfas li... Epi, tanzantan, wout la kapab elaji kote plis asfal kapab ajoute.	So once the asphalt goes in the middle of the road, other vehicles coming face to face can always run on the side. This vehicle won't have problem to see the others facing it... And, from time to time, the road can be widened where more asphalt can be added.
Gen kote tou ki dwe betonnen. Pa egzanp, an n di yon seri kote ki glise (tèlke nan pant e wout ki apik). Non sèlman yo dwe kraze yon pati mòn nan, men tou grate kote ki ta apik oubyen kote veyikil ka patinen dekwa pou kenbe kawotchou yo (oubyen jwenn grip) lè y ap monte oubyen desann.	There are also places that must be paved. For example, let's say certain places that are slippery (such as places with slopes, and steep roads). Not only part of the mountain should be demolished, but also scratch places that are steep or where vehicles may skid in order to grab their tires when driving up or down hill.
Sa rive lè lapli tonbe, kote l glise e sa ka koze aksidan. Nou wè ke l enpòtan pou nou te fè ti pale sa a sou wout, e n ap mande tout moun ki li atik sa a oubyen ki tande vokal la (atravè ribrik nou, «Edike Ayisyen Ayiti, e Ayisyen nan Dyaspora», pou ta pataje l ak lis kontak yo dekwa pou mesaj la rive nan zòrèy tout lidè kouwè majistra, depite, senatè, prezidan e tout moun ki eli e ki okipe yon pòs lidèchip pou konnen enpòtans wout an Ayiti.	This happens when it rains where it gets slippery and this can cause accident. We see that it’s important to have that talk concerning roads, and we are asking everyone who reads this article or who hears its voice mail (through our program, "Educating Haitians in Haiti, and Haitians in the Diaspora" to share it with their contact list so that the message gets to the ears of all leaders such as mayors,  representatives, senators, presidents and all elected officials who occupy a leadership position to know the importance of roads in Haiti.
An rezime, san volonte politik e vizyon pou devlopman Ayiti, nou pa kapab gen yon peyi devlope san pran devlopman wout an konsiderasyon, kote moun kapab rete nan komin e seksyon riral yo soti pou devlope aktivite ekonomik. Yon fwa yo kreye wout epi yo byen jere, moun p ap bezwen vin konble (nan) Pòtoprens dèyè aktivite ekonomik ke yo kapab fè tou nan komin yo soti.	In short, without political will and a vision for Haiti’s development, we cannot have a developed country without taking into consideration roads’ development where people can stay in their communes and communal areas to develop economic activities. Once roads are being created and well managed, people won't need to come and pile up Port-au-Prince in search of economic activities they can also do in their commune.

*Nòt : Note

• Imaj mòn Ayiti : Images of mountains in Haiti.
   
• Imaj rivyè Ayiti : Images of rivers in Haiti.

Annexed Texts : Tèks Anekse

DEGRAFF, Michel (director). MIT- Haiti Initiative: • About (Sa l ye) • Events (Aktivite) • Funding • News (Nouvèl) • Organizations (Òganizasyon) • Questions about the Platform (Kesyon sou Platfom lan) • Resources (Resous) • STEM  (Science : Syans, Technology : Teknoloji, Engineering : Jeni, Mathematics: Matematik) • Team (Ekip).

GEORGES, Joseph Marcel. A look at Haitian Creole documentation, lexicography and morphology : Koutje sou dokimantasyon kreyòl, leksikografi ak mòfoloji.

HAITI’S SUPER WEB DIRECTORY :
Gran Ànyè Ayiti – Dyaspora A•B•C•D•E•F•G•H•I•J•K•L•M•N•O•P•Q•R•S•T•U•V•W•X•Y•Z.

JOSEPH, Oreste Renel and Emmanuel W. Védrine. Easy English : an introduction to English for Creole and French speakers.  • Glossary at the end of book : Glosè nan fen liv la (added by) Emmanuel W. Védrine (ajoute) • including phrases and idioms in the two languages (enkli fraz ak espresyon idyomatik nan de lang yo) • Introduction to English for Kreyol speakers (Entwodiksyon anglè pou kreyolofòn e frankofòn) • More than 1.400 words and idioms accompany them (Plis pase 1.400 mo ak espresyon ki vin ak yo) •  An introduction to English Kreyol and French speakers (une introduction à l'anglais pour les locuteurs créolophones et francophones). Unpub manuscript.

NAAM (National Archeological Anthropological Museo - Curaçao). 2016. Charla Lingwista Haitiano Emmanuel W. Védrine  na NAAM (Curacao). [On Haitian Creole  Bibliography, 200 years of publications. Courtesy: Myriam Lavache (Kreyòl Pale, Kreyòl Konprann Institute of Spoken Kreyol. Curacao; Richenel Ansano (Director of NAAM); Yaniek Pinedo Védrine (translator).

OXINÉ, Bonel. Envitasyon nan yon seri konferans ki santre sou Esperyans ak Karyè Ayisyen nan Dyaspora (EDA).

VALDMAN, Albert et al. (2007), Haitian Creole-English Bilingual Dictionary (the «DICO Project», Vol. I). 781 + xxxiv p. Indiana University-Creole Institute. (Native speakers editing team: Emmanuel W. Védrine, Frenand Léger, Jacques Pierre and Nicolas André).

VALDMAN, Albert.  «Vers un dictionnaire scolaire bilingue pour le créole haïtien» La linguistique Vol. 41 Numéro 1, 2005, pp 83 - 105. [Summary : Résumé -- Cet article décrit un projet visant à produire le premier dictionnaire bilingue créole haïtien-français/français-créole haïtien à destination des scolaires. Il s'ouvre sur un inventaire des principaux dictionnaires bilingues des créoles de base française. Ensuite, il passe en revue le niveau de normalisation atteint par le créole haïtien, puis aborde les questions méthodologiques fondamentales de la lexicographie bilingue, à savoir la délimitation de la nomenclature, la classification des variantes phonologiques et la sélection d'exemples illustratifs. Il se termine par une démonstration de l'utilisation de la technologie informatique en lexicographie et décrit une base de données lexicales informatisées pour le créole haïtien à partir de laquelle peuvent être générés divers types de dictionnaires bilingues et, éventuellement si un tel besoin est ressenti par la communauté créolophone haïtienne, d'un dictionnaire monolingue pour cette langue (réf.  cairn-int.info/journal-la-linguistique-2005-1-page-83.htm].

VALDMAN, Albert.  «Vers une standardisation du créole haïtien». Revue française de linguistique appliquée, Numéro 1, 2005. [Summary : Résumé -- Cet article aborde les principaux problèmes rencontrés par les planificateurs linguistiques dans le développement d'une norme écrite pour le créole haïtien : (1) la sélection parmi les variantes géographiques et sociolinguistiques ; (2) concevoir une orthographe systématique autonome, basée sur la phonologie au lieu d'une orthographe étymologique calquée sur celle du français standard ; (3) traitant des alternances morpho phonologiques qui sont soit des variantes libres, soit qui reflètent une différenciation stylistique. Il aborde en effet la question de l'élaboration d'un dictionnaire monolingue, véritable couronnement du processus de normalisation. (Réf.  cairn-int.info/journal-revue-francaise-de-linguistique-appliquee-2005-1-page-39.htm)].

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Ayiti va bèl lè n antere negativite yo.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W., Joseph Marcel Georges and Fessando Suffren. 2020. A Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations related to Haiti (2011–2020) [including some Bachelor Senior Theses or Memoire de Sortie presented at FLA (Faculté de Linguistique Appliquée, Université d’État d’Haïti : State University of Haiti].

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Biographical note of the author : Nòt biyografik otè a.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Chanje mantalite pou ranvèse kondisyon povrete Ayiti : Changing mentality to curb poverty condition in Haiti.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Collection of Haitian Education Materials by Albert Valdman (Collection de Matériel Éducatif Haïtien : Koleksyon Materyèl Edikatif Ayisyen) par Albert Valdman). Ref. Indiana University-Creole Institute’s Collection, Indiana University web links, and information on the closing of the Institute (Summer 2019) after fifty years of functioning under the leadership of its founder and director, Emeritus Professor Albert Valdman.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Dezyèm Endepandans • Second Independence • Segunda Independencia.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Dictionary of Haitian Creole Verbs with Phrases and Idioms by Emmanuel W. Védrine and research on Haitian creole lexicology.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Essays models to help Haitian students (high school and university) with writing.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Geography, Environment, Flora & Fauna : Jewografi, Anviwonnman, Flòr & Fòn.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. INSMINOGEC (Institution Mixte pour la Nouvelle Génération des Cayes) [Endèks Materyèl Didaktik an kreyòl – anglè: Teaching Materials (in Haitian Creole – English) Index].

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Kèk tèm nan Sezon sechrès Ayiti pou disètasyon : Some themes in (the novel) Sezon sechrès Ayiti for essays. Sezon sechrès Ayiti. (2nd. ed.). JEBCA Editions.  224 p. [© The author’s copyright : © Dwa otè a] . [© Lexical data (for hyper base software for dictionaries) : © Done leksikal (pou lojisyèl ipèbaz pou diksyonè)]. [In Papiamentu language, Temporada di sekura na Haiti. [First original Creole version was published in 1994: Soup to Nuts Publishers, Cambridge, MA. 1994. 128 p. [This novel has been translated to English by the author (Emmanuel W. Védrine)].

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. New words and idioms entering Haitian Creole : Mo nouvo ak espresyon ki antre nan kreyòl.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Online Educational Resources for Haitian Teachers, Students, Schools in Haiti and in Diaspora. Summary in • Deutsch • Español • Français • Kreyòl • Papiamento.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Ouvè je w, Ayisyen ! : Open your eyes, Haitians !

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W.  Sezon Sechrès Ayiti: a novel in Haitian Creole.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W.  Sezon sechrès Ayiti : questions on the ten chapters. (Kesyon sou 10 chapit yo : Preguntas sobro los 10 capítulos).

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Sezon sechrès Ayiti. (2nd. ed.) [woman : novel]. JEBCA Editions.  224 p. [© The author’s copyright : © Dwa otè a] . [© Lexical data (for hyper base software for dictionaries) : © Done leksikal (pou lojisyèl ipèbaz pou diksyonè)]. [In Papiamentu language, Temporada di sekura na Haiti. [First original Creole version was published in 1994: Soup to Nuts Publishers, Cambridge, MA. 1994. 128 p. [This novel has been translated to English by the author (Emmanuel W. Védrine)].
VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. Travay sivik ta dwe obligatwa pou tout jèn an Ayiti : Civic duty should have been mandatory for all young people in Haiti.

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. 75 Seventy-five years of research and publications on Haitian Creole (Kreyol).

VÉDRINE, Emmanuel W. 16 Pwen pou ede Ayiti bouje : 16 points to help Haiti moving forward.

KESYON & KONPREYANSYON : QUESTIONS & COMPREHENSION

(Pou fè dyalòg an ti gwoup, devwa alekri nan klas oubyen pou fè lakay :
For dialog in small groups or for written work or homework)

1. Ki enpòtans wout nan kad devlopman Ayiti? : What importance do roads have in Haiti’s development?
    
2. Fè yon lis enfrastrikti enpòtan ou panse Ayiti bezwen pou ede nan devlopman l : Make a list of important ‘infrastructures’ you think Haiti needs to help in its development.
    
3. Bay yon lis pwoblèm ki kole Ayiti (ki anpeche l fè avan) : Give a list of problems that stuck Haiti (that prevent it from moving forward).
    
4. A ki peyi «repiblik vwazin» nan refere? : To what country do we refer to when mentioning the ‘neighboring republic’?
    
5. Fè yon lis aktivite ekonomik Ayisyen ka fè Ayiti : Make a list of economic activities Haitians can do in Haiti.
    
6. Konbyen komin ki genyen Ayiti? : How many ‘communes’ (municipalities) are there in Haiti?
    
7. Kijan yo rele lidè k ap dirije yon komin Ayiti? : How do they call the leader who is heading a commune in Haiti?
    
8. Èske se nonmen yo nonmen yon lidè k ap dirije yon komin, oubyen se atravè eleksyon pou sa fèt? : Do they nominate a leader who is heading a commune, or is it through elections that’s done?
    
9. Ki wòl yon majistra, depite, senatè, prezidan Ayiti? : What’s the role of a mayor, representative, senator, and a president in Haiti?
    
10. Kisa tèm egzòd riral vle di? : What does the term ‘egzòd riral’ mean?
     
11. Pou kisa anpil moun Ayiti kite komin yo pou al viv Pòtoprens (kapital peyi a)? : Why do many people in Haiti leave their ‘commune’ to go and live in Port-au-Prince (the country’s capital)?
     
12. Kisa k pase (moun k al Pòtoprens) lè kapital sa a vin twò boure (chaje) pou yo? : What happen (to people who go to Port-au-Prince) when this capital becomes too crowded for them?
     
13. Site kèk estrateji woutye (woutyè) : Name some strategies to do roads.
     
14. Kisa seksyon kominal ou riral yo ye? : What are the ‘seksyon kominal’ or ‘riral’?
     
15. Ki enpòtans aktivite touristik genyen pou Ayiti? : What importance do ‘touristic activities’ have for Haiti?
     
16. Ki diferans ki genyen ant touris lokal (nasyonal), e touris entènasyonal? : What are the differences between ‘local (national) and international tourism’?
     
17. Site kote wout yo danjre, oubyen sa k koze danje ladan yo : Cite where the roads are dangerous, or what causes danger in them.
     
18. Kisa yon wout apik, wout an zigzag vle di? : What do ‘wout apik, wout an zigzag’ mean?
     
19. Ki pwoblèm wout ki gen falèz koze? : What problems that roads with ‘cliffs’ cause?
     
20. Kisa k kapab fèt pou amelyore wout ki gen falèz? : What can be done to improve roads that have ‘cliffs’?
     
21. Ki dega ravin yo ka koze lè lapli? : What damages can ravines cause when it’s raining?
     
22. (Nan) ki fason yo ka limite pwoblèm ravin yo koze? : In what way can they limit problems that ravines cause?
     
23. Kisa tèm kannale dlo vle di? : What does the term kannale mean?
     
24. Kòman yo kreye lak atifisyèl? : How do they create artificial lakes?
     
25. Ki enpòtans yon lak atifisyèl genyen? : What importance does an ‘artificial lake’ have?
     
26. Pou kisa l enpòtan pou plante pyebwa kote ki gen falèz? : Why is it important to plant trees where there are cliffs?
     
27. Kilès Jean-Claude Duvalier te ye? : Who was Jean-Claude Duvalier?
     
28. Kisa yo fè ak bwa kouwè kajou, gayak? : What do they do with woods like kajou (swietenia mahogany), and gayak (guaiacum officinale)?
     
29. Nan ki zòn Mòn Pilboro, wout Jakmèl, Mòn Kabrit ye? Pou kisa wout sa yo danjre pou veyikil? : In what area (of Haiti) are ‘Mòn Pilboro’, wout Jakmèl, ‘Mòn Kabrit’ located? Why are these roads dangerous for vehicles?
     
30. Ki enpòtans yon baraj genyen, oubyen pou kisa yo itilize l? : What importance does a ‘dam’ have, or what’s its use?
     
31. Kòmante sou fraz sa a : «Wout la ap touye w, wout la ap blese w, wout la danjre. Kondi ak pridans!» : Comment on this phrase “The road can kill you; the road can hurt you, the road in dangerous. Drive safely!”
     
32. Ki tip travay enjenyè sivil, e apantè fè? : What type of works do civil engineers, and surveyors do?
     
33. (a) Ki pwoblèm koub yo prezante pou chofè? : What problem do curves present for drivers? (b) Kisa k dwe korije nan pwoblèm koub yo prezante? : What should be corrected in the problems that curves cause?
     
34. Kòmante sou fraz sa a (li pa nan tèks la) «Aksidan pa gen klaksòn» : Comment on this phrase (not in the text) “Accident has no horn”.
     
35. (a) Lapèch kapab konsidere kòm yon «pastan» : ‘Fishing’ can be considered as “hobby”. (b) Kisa w fè kòm pastan? : What do you do as hobby?
     
36. Bay yon lòt fraz pou «wout ki aplani» : Give another phrase for “wout ki aplani”.
     
37. Ki wòl «asfal» jwe nan wout? : What roles does “asphalt” play in roads?
     
38. Ki teknik yo ka itilize pou asfalte wout, lè n konnen asfal koute kòb? : What techniques can be used to pave roads, knowing that ‘asfalt’ costs money.
     
39. Kijan trafik (sikilasyon) ye an pwovens? Èske gen anpil veyikil (machin) nan wout yo? : How is traffic in the countryside? Are there many vehicles on the roads?
       
40. (a) Ki kote yo dwe betonnen nan wout yo? : Where should they put ‘concrete’ on the roads? (b) Pou kisa Ayisyen ap kite Ayiti pou al (nan) lòt peyi? : Why are Haitians leaving Haiti to go to other countries?
     
41. (a) Nan ki lòt peyi Ayisyen eseye ale? : To what other countries do Haitians try to go? (b) Ki danje ki genyen lè yo pran kanntè? : What’s the danger in taking ‘kanntè’?

RESEARCH NOTE : NÒT POU RECHÈCH

(•) Bilingual education in Haitian Creole - French, Creole – English : Edikasyon bileng an kreyòl ayisyen – fransè – anglè (•) Bilingual Lesson plan model : Modèl plan leson bileng (•) Creole linguistics : Lengwistik kreyòl (•) Creole literacy projects : Pwojè alfabetizasyon kreyòl (•) Creole philology : Filoloji kreyòl (•) Database in Haitian Creole : Bank done an kreyòl ayisyen (•) Developing teaching materials for Haitian Bilingual Programs: Devlopman materyèl pedagojik pou Pwogram Bileng Ayisyen (•) Dictionaries on Haitian Creole : Diksyonè sou kreyòl ayisyen (•) Dictionary and glossary projects : Pwojè diksyonè e leksik (•) Documents for training sessions for Haitian lexicographers : Dokiman pou fè seyans fòmasyon pou leksikograf ayisyen (•) Educational material in English and Haitian Creole for schools in Haiti : Materyèl edikatif an anglè e an kreyòl ayisyen pou lekòl Ayiti (•) Educational materials for Haitian teachers’ training : Materyèl edikatif an anglè pou fòmasyon anseyan ayisyen (•) Educational resources, training and orientation sessions for Haitian teachers : Resous edikatif, trening e seyans oryantasyon pou anseyan ayisyen (•) French based Creoles : Kreyòl a baz fransè (•) Haitian Creole lexicon : Leksik kreyòl ayisyen (•) Haiti, Linguistic planning (amenagement linguistique) : Ayiti, amenajman lengwistik  (•) Materials for Long distance tutoring for learners of Haitian Creole : Materyèl pou bay leson patikilye long distans pou moun k ap aprann kreyòl ayisyen (•) Orientating Haitian teachers : Oryante pou anseyan ayisyen (•) Seminars for Haitian Teachers on Teaching Materials : Seminè sou materyèl didaktik / pedagojik pou anseyan ayisyen (•) Stragies to develop Teaching Material Models in Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) : Estrateji pou devlope modèl materyèl didaktik / pedagojik an kreyòl ayisyen (•) Teaching Materials for Haitian Bilingual Programs : Materyèl didaktik /pedagojik pou Pwogram Bileng Ayisyen (•) Teaching Materials in Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) for learners of the language (beginning, intermediate and advance level) :  Materyèl pedagojik an kreyòl pou moun k ap aprann lang nan (nivo debitan, entèmedyè e avanse).

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E. W. Védrine Creole Project, Inc. (1992)
Boston, Massachusetts. USA

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 Viré monté